The vittae are long-elongated tubular canals lined by a layer or two of secretory cells. The marginal outline of the vittae may, however, vary from spherical to elliptic in different species of plants. ... The cells lining the vittae function as secretory and the secretions are released and deposited in these vittae.

What is Vittae botany?

A resin canal or oil cavity. Vittae are often found in the fruits of plants in the Umbelliferae. The number and position (whether between or in the primary ridges of the fruit) are important diagnostic characters in the family. < Prev.

What are Umbelliferous fruits with example?

Five umbelliferous fruits viz. Cuminum cyminum, Foeniculum vulgare, Pimpinella anisum, Coriandrum sativum and Carum carvi were procured from plants grown at the Faculty of Pharmacy Herbarium, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. The fruits were finely powdered and stored at −20 °C till further analysis.

How many number of Vittae are present in the final fruit?

There are four vittae on dorsal surface and two vittae on commisural or the ventral surface. Inner Epidermis or Endocarp shows parquetry arrangement (a group of four to five cells arranged parallelly at acute angles with groups of similar cells in different direction).

What are Umbelliferous drugs?

The drugs studied were Anethum sowa (Dill), Carum carvi (Caraway), Centella asiatica (Brahmi), Coriandrum (coriander), Cuminum cyminum (cumin), Ferula (asafetida), Foeniculum valugare (fennel) and Trachyspermum ammi (Ajowan).

The Branched Vittae Team Anise

What is Umbelliferous?

10- Umbelliferous fruits usually contain volatile oil secreted by the vittae but other constituents are reported in Ammi visnage which contain bitter principles and in Hemlock which contains alkaloids.

How many Vittae are present in each Mericarp of coriander?

Primary ridges wavy and inconspicuous; secondary ridges straight and more prominent. In transverse section, two vittae on the commissural surface of each mericarp.

Where is fennel native to?

Fennel, Foeniculum vulgare, is a short-lived perennial with some types hardy in zones 4-9 but is often grown as an annual in cooler climates. Native to southern Europe along the Mediterranean Sea, this plant in the carrot family (Apiaceae) has sweetly aromatic foliage and flavor similar to anise.

Is fennel a grain?

Fennel, also known as sweet anise, is a vegetable native to parts of Asia and the Mediterranean.

What is the difference between fennel and coriander?

Fennel is a solid substitution for coriander because both contain the compound anethole, which gives them a subdued, sweet flavor. ... Fennel can also be mixed evenly with cumin and caraway seeds to create a spice blend that tastes like coriander.

What is Carpophore function?

Answer: a thin stalk that raises the pistil above the stamens in some plants the stem of the fraiting body in high fungi.

What is parquetry arrangement?

Parquet (French: [paʁkɛ]; French for "a small compartment") is a geometric mosaic of wood pieces used for decorative effect in flooring. Parquet patterns are often entirely geometrical and angular—squares, triangles, lozenges—but may contain curves. The most popular parquet flooring pattern is herringbone.

What is Vittae in fennel?

(d) Vittae: Schizogenous oil cells, 4 on dorsal side, 2 on commissural surface/ ventral surface. About 250 microns in maximum width, the walls are brown. ADVERTISEMENTS: (e) Endocarp: Consist of narrow elongated cells having a parquetry arrangement (group of parallel cells arranged in different directions).

Which oil is present in Vittae?

Trachyspermum ammi (Ajowan), from the Apiaceae family, is an important commercial product for the food/flavoring industry, and they accumulate up to 5% essential oil in compartments referred to as canals or vittae.

What is a Mericarp?

Mericarp, mericarpium; “one of the half fruits of an Umbellifer: it is a carpel ripened and separated from a common axis or growing point” (Lindley); 'a portion of a fruit which splits away as a perfect fruit; as the two carpels in Umbelliferae' (Jackson); a portion of a fruit which splits away as a seemingly separate ...

What is fennel used for?

Fennel has been used to flavor candies, liqueurs, medicines, and food, and it is especially favored for pastries, sweet pickles, and fish. The oil can be used to protect stored fruits and vegetables against growth of toxic fungi. Beekeepers have grown it as a honey plant.

What type of vegetable is fennel?

Fennel is a member of the carrot family, though it's not a root vegetable. The base of its long stalks weave together to form a thick, crisp bulb that grows above ground. Above the bulb, at the tip of the stalks, it has light, feathery leaves that resemble dill.

How do you describe fennel?

Fennel is a plant whose leaves look very much like dill thin, waving frondy filaments of bright green. ... Fennel bulb, which looks kind of like a cross between an onion and the base of a bunch of celery, has a sweet, perfumy, anise-like flavor.

What is the history of fennel?

History & Uses

Fennel was used by the ancient Egyptians as a food and medicine, and was considered a snake bite remedy in ancient China. During the Middle Ages it was hung over doorways to drive away evil spirits. Fennel is also associated with the origin of the marathon.

What part of fennel is used?

All parts of the fennel plant—bulb, stalk, and the feathery fronds—are edible, and will add texture and flavor to salads, slaws, pastas, and more. Thinly sliced raw fennel bulb adds a sweet licorice flavor and crunchy texture to salads.

What is coriander in pharmacognosy?

Aromatic, carminative, stimulant, alterative, antispasmodic, diaphoretic and flavouring agent. It is also used as refriger-ant, tonic, appetizer, diuretic, aphrodisiac, and stomachic. Coriander can be applied externally for rheumatism and painful joints.

What is Indian coriander?

Introduction. Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is an annual herb, mainly cultivated for its fruits as well as for the tender green leaves. It is native of the Mediterranean region. In India, it is grown in Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. ... Coriander belongs to the family Apiaceae.

What does Carpophore mean?

1a : the stalk of a fruiting body in fungi. b : the entire fruiting body (as in many mushrooms)