An explosively formed penetrator (EFP), also known as an explosively formed projectile, a self-forging warhead, or a self-forging fragment, is a special type of shaped charge designed to penetrate armor effectively.

How does a explosively formed penetrator work?

EFPs are self-forging warheads designed to effectively penetrate armor and fire in a way similar to cannons. When fired, the explosive charge deforms a concave metal plate into a slug or rod shape. The shape forms as the plate accelerates toward an intended target. EFPs can breach tank armor 300 feet away.

How does a EFP work?

In an EFP transaction, two parties exchange equivalent but offsetting positions in an equity index futures contract and an underlying physical equity (either a related ETF or basket of shares). One party is the buyer of futures and the seller of the physical shares, and the other party takes the opposite position.

What is shaped charge explosive device?

The shaped charge was an explosive formed into a hollow cone and lined with heavy metal; upon detonation, the explosive gases and molten metal formed a high-velocity jet capable of punching through armour.

What component of an IED is used to start a detonation?

In principle, all IEDs consist of an initiating mechanism, a detonator, an explosive charge, and a casing or collection of projectiles (such as ball bearings or nails) that produces lethal fragments upon detonation.

Explosively Formed Penetrators

What are the 3 types of IED?

Common forms of VOIED include the under-vehicle IED (UVIED), improvised landmines, and mail bombs.

What are the four basic components of an IED?

IEDs generally have four main components as shown in Figure 1. These components can be remembered using the acronym, PIES: a power supply, an initiator, an explosive, and a switch.

What are shaped charges made out of?

A shaped charge is usually a conical shape, as shown in Fig. 25.3. The explosive charge is often contained in a plastic tube whose upper part looks like a cylinder and whose lower part ends at a cone of metallic liner. The liner material may be steel, aluminum, copper, and other metallic materials.

What is meant by shaped charge?

: an explosive charge the energy of which is focused in one direction so that it usually achieves an armor-penetrating effect.

How do linear shaped charges work?

How do shaped charges work? In Linear Shaped Charges, the LSC or FLSC explosive material generates a detonation high pressure wave traveling through its length. The focusing of the high-pressure wave collapses the metal sheath forming a high velocity metallic jet.

What EFP means?

Exchange of futures for physical (EFP) is one of a few types of privately negotiated agreements that can then be registered with the exchange. ... Exchange of futures for physical is also referred to as exchange of futures for product and exchange of futures for cash (as in cash commodity).

How is EFP calculated?

EFP is calculated as a function of: The number of days between spot and futures delivery. Metals and currency interest rates. Transportation costs.

What is a swap EFP?

The exchange for physicals (EFP) facility is an off-market trading mechanism that enables customers to swap futures and options exposure for an offsetting physical position. It offers the flexibility and certainty of an over-the-counter (OTC) market, plus the counterparty guarantee of an exchange market.

Is explosive ordnance that has been fused?

Explosive ordnance which has been primed, fused, armed or otherwise prepared for action, and which has been fired, dropped, launched, projected in such a manner as to constitute a hazard to operations, installations, personnel or material and remains unexploded either by malfunction or design or for any other cause.

What is hollow charge principle?

: an explosive which concentrates its force in one direction (as in a projectile designed to blow a hole through armor plate)

Who invented the shaped charge?

Shaped charge warheads were promoted internationally by the Swiss inventor Henry Mohaupt, who exhibited the weapon before World War II. Before 1939, Mohaupt demonstrated his invention to British and French ordnance authorities.

What is shaped explosive?

A shaped charge is an explosive charge shaped to focus the effect of the explosive's energy. Different types of shaped charges are used for various purposes such as cutting and forming metal, initiating nuclear weapons, penetrating armor, or perforating wells in the oil and gas industry.

What is the Monroe effect?

: the greatly increased penetration of an explosive into a surface (as of metal or concrete) that is caused by shaping a conical or hemispherical hollow in the forward end of an explosive cartridge.

Do shaped charges work underwater?

When fired under water, a Linear Shaped Charge (LSC) does not penetrate a steel target as well as in air. This lack of performance has been a problem for shaped charge manufacturers and their clients.

What are the four principal parts of a shaped charge perforator?

The shaped charge consists of a case or container, the main explosive material, and a liner. The perforating gun consists of four components, a conveyance for the shaped charge such as a hollow carrier, the individual shaped charge, the detonator cord, and the detonator.

What is the explosive part of a missile?

A warhead is the explosive or toxic material that is delivered by a missile, rocket, or torpedo.

What are bombs made of?

The outer case is most commonly made of metal and has a point at its tip, or nose. The explosive charge in most conventional bombs usually consists of TNT, RDX, ammonium nitrate, or other high explosives in combination with each other.

What are types of explosives?

There are three fundamental types: mechanical, nuclear, and chemical. A mechanical explosive is one that depends on a physical reaction, such as overloading a container with compressed air.

What are the 5 Cs of IED?

In their first week of training, Soldiers are taught the "5 Cs" of encountering a roadside bomb. If a suspicious item is found, Soldiers are taught to: confirm, clear, call, cordon and control.

What are the 5 components of IED?

Improvised explosive devices (IEDs) are easy to assemble, homemade explosives, made by unauthorised persons and/or placed in an improvised way². They are composed of at least five key components: a switch, a power source, an initiator, a container and an explosive charge³.