1. They must fit snugly (but comfortably) against your face.
2. They must be secured with ties or ear loops.
3. They must include multiple layers of fabric.
4. They must allow for breathing without restriction.
5. They must be washable without damage or shape change.

What kind of mask should I wear during the COVID-19 pandemic?

People must wear masks that completely cover the mouth and nose. Masks should fit snugly against the sides of the face. See CDC's guidance for attributes of masks needed to fulfill the requirements of the Order.

What types of masks are most and least effective at preventing the spread of COVID-19?

Researchers at Duke University created a simple setup that allowed them to count the number of droplet particles released when people spoke the phrase "Stay healthy, people" five times in a row. First, the study participants spoke without a mask, and then they repeated the same words, each time wearing one of 14 different types of face masks and coverings.

As expected, medical grade N95 masks performed best, meaning that the fewest number of droplets got through. They were followed by surgical masks. Several masks made of polypropylene, a cotton/propylene blend, and 2-layer cotton masks sewn in different styles also performed well.

Gaiters ranked dead last. Also called neck fleeces, gaiters tend to be made of lightweight fabric and are often worn by athletes. Bandanas also ranked poorly.

How can I tell if the face masks, surgical masks, or respirators I want to purchase during the COVID-19 pandemic are counterfeit or fraudulent?

The FDA does not have a list of all counterfeit or fraudulent products. To report fraudulent COVID-19 products to the FDA, email . The CDC provides information on identifying counterfeit respirators at Counterfeit Respirators / Misrepresentation of NIOSH-Approval.

How effective are different material face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic?

They found that the effectiveness of the masks varied widely: a three-layer knitted cotton mask blocked an average of 26.5 percent of particles in the chamber, while a washed, two-layer woven nylon mask with a filter insert and metal nose bridge blocked 79 percent of particles on average.

The best Fabric for Your Homemade Face Mask

Can I use a polyester mask during the COVID-19 pandemic?

Polyester or other less breathable fabric will not work as well, due to moisture produced when breathing. If using denim or other fabric that is being "recycled", please be sure it is clean and in good shape. Worn or dirty fabric will not be protective.

How do cloth face coverings and face shields protect against COVID-19?

Cloth face coverings and face shields are types of source control that provide a barrier between droplets produced from a potentially infected person and other people, reducing the likelihood of transmitting the virus.

Should I use a surgical masks or N95 respirators to protect against COVID-19?

No. Surgical masks and N95s need to be reserved for use by health care workers, first responders, and other frontline workers whose jobs put them at much greater risk of acquiring COVID-19. The cloth face coverings recommended by CDC are not surgical masks or N95 respirators. Surgical masks and N95s are critical supplies that must continue to be reserved for health care workers and other medical first responders, as recommended by CDC.

How to verify the authenticity of face masks purchased during the COVID-19 pandemic?

The FDA does not have a list of all counterfeit or fraudulent products. To report fraudulent COVID-19 products to the FDA, email . The CDC provides information on identifying counterfeit respirators at Counterfeit Respirators / Misrepresentation of NIOSH-Approval.

Can we reuse disposable surgical masks during COVID-19?

The CDC does not recommend the reuse of disposable surgical masks that are intended to be used once. The FDA recognizes that there may be availability concerns with surgical masks during the COVID-19 public health emergency, but there are strategies to conserve surgical masks.

What are the pros and cons of KN95 masks during the COVID-19 pandemic?

Pros: Filter up to 95% of particles in the air (when they meet the right requirements and are not counterfeit/fake, and when proper fit can be achieved).

Cons: Can be uncomfortable; often requires more effort to breath; may be more expensive and difficult to obtain; designed for one-time use; many counterfeit (fake) KN95 masks are commercially available, and sometimes it is hard to tell if they meet the right requirements just by looking at them. At least 60% of the KN95 masks evaluated by NIOSH did not meet the requirements that they claim to meet.

Additional Considerations: It may be hard to achieve a proper fit with certain types of facial hair.

What is the N-95 mask?

An N95 respirator is a respiratory protective device designed to achieve a very close facial fit and very efficient filtration of airborne particles.

Are multilayer cloth masks more effective than single-layer ones for protecting from COVID-19?

In recent laboratory experiments, multilayer cloth masks were more effective than single-layer masks, blocking as much as 50% to 70% of exhaled small droplets and particles.

Should one wear a surgical mask?

No. Surgical masks and N95s need to be reserved for use by health care workers, first responders, and other frontline workers whose jobs put them at much greater risk of acquiring COVID-19. The cloth face coverings recommended by CDC are not surgical masks or N95 respirators.

Surgical masks and N95s are critical supplies that must continue to be reserved for health care workers and other medical first responders, as recommended by CDC.

How can surgical masks protect me from COVID-19?

If worn properly, a surgical mask is meant to help block large-particle droplets, splashes, sprays, or splatter that may contain germs (viruses and bacteria), keeping it from reaching your mouth and nose. Surgical masks may also help reduce exposure of your saliva and respiratory secretions to others.

Why shouldn't material masks with exhalation valves be used during the COVID-19 pandemic?

• Do NOT wear cloth masks with exhalation valves or vents since they allow respiratory droplets containing the virus to escape.

How do I know what the manufacturer-designated shelf life for face masks is?

The manufacturer-designated shelf life or expiration date may be found on the product labeling or packaging, or you can contact the manufacturer directly.

Can face shields help in preventing the spread of COVID-19?

Face shields are not as effective at protecting you or the people around you from respiratory droplets. Face shields have large gaps below and alongside the face, where your respiratory droplets may escape and reach others around you and will not protect you from respiratory droplets from others.

How often can I reuse a facemask during the COVID-19 pandemic?

● At this time, there is not known a maximum number of uses (donnings) the same facemask could be re-used.
● The facemask should be removed and discarded if soiled, damaged, or hard to breathe through.
● Not all facemasks can be re-used.
- Facemasks that fasten to the provider via ties may not be able to be undone without tearing and should be considered only for extended use, rather than re-use.
- Facemasks with elastic ear hooks may be more suitable for re-use.

Are N95 respirators recommended for coronavirus disease patients?

N95 respirators are tight-fitting respirators that filter out at least 95% of particles in the air, including large and small particles. Not everyone is able to wear a respirator due to medical conditions that may be made worse when breathing through a respirator.

What is a Surgical N95 respirator and who needs to wear it?

A surgical N95 (also referred as a medical respirator) is recommended only for use by healthcare personnel (HCP) who need protection from both airborne and fluid hazards (e.g., splashes, sprays).

Does wearing a cloth mask over a medical one reduce exposure to COVID-19 more than wearing just one mask?

Based on experiments that measured the filtration efficiencies of various cloth masks and a medical procedure mask (6), it was estimated that the better fit achieved by combining these two mask types, specifically a cloth mask over a medical procedure mask, could reduce a wearer's exposure by >90%.

How long does COVID-19 survive on fabric?

A study published in found that at room temperature, COVID-19 was detectable on fabric for up to two days, compared to seven days for plastic and metal. However, when it was exposed to high heat, the virus became inactive within five minutes.

What should workers know about cloth face coverings and the protection they provide?

• Cloth face coverings, whether provided by the employer or brought from home by the worker, are not respirators or disposable facemasks and do not protect the worker wearing them from exposures.
• Cloth face coverings are only intended to help contain the wearer's respiratory droplets from being spread.
• Used in this way, CDC has recommended cloth face coverings to slow the spread of the virus that causes COVID-19. Wearing them may help people who unknowingly have the virus from spreading it to others.
• Workers can wear a cloth face covering if the employer has determined that a respirator or a disposable facemask is NOT required based on the workplace hazard assessment.

What are the materials for making masks for the coronavirus disease?

Fabric masks should be made of three layers of fabric:

• Inner layer of absorbent material, such as cotton.
• Middle layer of non-woven non-absorbent material, such as polypropylene.
• Outer layer of non-absorbent material, such as polyester or polyester blend.